Select the letter of a term you would like defined. You may select any letter section of the glossary from any glossary page.

• Temper - The addition of water to the cement mix whether at the batch plant, during transit or at the jobsite to achieve the specified water to cement ratio.
• Temperature Reinforcement - Reinforcement used to carry temperature stresses.
• Temperature Rise - The increase of concrete temperature caused by heat of hydration and heat from other sources.
• Tilt-up - A method of concrete construction such as where members are cast horizontally near their eventual position, usually on a recently placed slab, and then tilted into place after removal of forms.
• Transit-Mixed Concrete - Concrete produced from a central-batching plant, where the materials are proportioned and placed in truck-mixers for mixing enroute to the job or after arrival there.
• Tremie - A pipe through which concrete may be placed under water, having at its upper end a hopper for filling, and a bale which permits handling of the assembly by a derrick.
• Truck Mixer - A concrete mixer capable of mixing concrete in transit when mounted on a truck chassis.
• Ultimate Strength - The maximum resistance to loads that a structure or member is capable of developing before failure occurs, or, with reference to cross sections of members, the largest axial force, shear or moment a structural concrete cross section will support.
• Unit Water Content - The quantity of water per unit volume of freshly mixed concrete, often expressed as gallons or pounds per cubic yard. This is the quantity of water on which the water cement ratio is based, and does not include water absorbed by the aggregate.
• Vapor Pressure - The pressure exerted by a vapor that is calculated based upon relative humidity and temperature. The higher the humidity and higher temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, the greater the vapor pressure exerted.
• Vapor - When a liquid changes to a gaseous form. The ability of the gas to hold moisture will reduce as temperatures reduce; more moisture can be contained in the gas as the temperatures increase.
• Vaporproof - A material that is totally immune to the passage of a gas under pressure. Any material that is truly vaporproof will inherently be waterproof.
• Vibration - Energetic agitation of concrete to assist in its consolidation, produced by mechanical oscillating devices at moderately high frequencies. (1) External vibration employs a device attached to the forms and is particularly applicable to the manufacture of precast items and for the vibration of tunnel lining forms. (2) Internal vibration employs an element which can be inserted into the concrete; and is more generally used for cast-in-place construction.
• Vicat Apparatus - A penetration device used to determine the setting characteristics of hydraulic cements.

Contributions: Kaiser Cement, Portland Cement Association, Concrete Manual, Bureau of Reclamation, U. S. Department of the Interior and many other publications, with special thanks to Bob Cameron of W. R. Meadows. © 2008 Moxie International, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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